THE HERBARIUM
THE HERBARIUM
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A herbarium is a vital resource for research on biodiversity, ecology, and evolution. It is a primary data source consisting of dried and labeled plant specimens that have been organized to facilitate retrieval and archival storage. A herbarium is similar to a library, but it stores information in biological form as pressed, dried, and annotated plant specimens.Herbarium and museum collections serve as the foundation for learning about the world's biodiversity. Additionally, herbarium specimens provide materials for research on DNA variation, genome structure, and gene expression. The BSED Science Virtual Museum of Natural History has curated a collection of plant specimens from the Philippines to highlight the country's biological diversity.
JUST 10 PERCENT OF THE WORLD’S PLANT-RICH AREAS ARE PROTECTED.
Of the most biodiverse areas on the planet, only 10 percent are officially “protected” to ensure the survival of a multitude of species,
Convention on Biological Diversity.
FOURTO GALERA/PRINCESA
Division : Spermatophyta
Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Merr.
Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Merr.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: SpermatophytaClass : DicotyledonaeOrder: ApialesFamily: AraliaceaeGenus: ScheffleraSpecies: Schefflera arboricolaCurator: Jzekiah Mae C. Obras, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0128
Description:
Schefflera arboricola, commonly called umbrella plant or dwarf schefflera, is an evergreen shrub or small tree that grows in tropical climates to 10-25' tall. It is native to Taiwan. In the wild, it sometimes grows on other trees as an epiphyte. It is widely grown in temperate climates as a much smaller ornamental foliage houseplant rising to 3-6' tall on upright stems clad with glossy, slender-stalked, compound, palmate, evergreen leaves. Its main functions are to promote blood circulation and alleviate pain, sore and swollen throats. It can also help to relieve asthma (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018).
Schefflera arboricola, commonly called umbrella plant or dwarf schefflera, is an evergreen shrub or small tree that grows in tropical climates to 10-25' tall. It is native to Taiwan. In the wild, it sometimes grows on other trees as an epiphyte. It is widely grown in temperate climates as a much smaller ornamental foliage houseplant rising to 3-6' tall on upright stems clad with glossy, slender-stalked, compound, palmate, evergreen leaves. Its main functions are to promote blood circulation and alleviate pain, sore and swollen throats. It can also help to relieve asthma (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018).
Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.
Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: SpermatophytaClass : DicotyledonaeOrder: CucurbitalesFamily: CorynocarpaceaeGenus: CorynocarpusSpecies: Corynocarpus laevigatusCurator: Jzekiah Mae C. Obras, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0129
Description:
Corynocarpus laevigatus, commonly called Karaka nut, is a very distinctive tree unlikely to be confused with any other indigenous, naturalized, or planted exotic tree. The simple, leathery, dark green leaves and large orange drupes with their fibrous endocarp immediately distinguish it. It is common in mainly coastal situations, often a major component of coastal forest, rarely dominant. It is used in traditional Maori medicine as wound dressings, and the timber was used to fashion canoe paddles (Costall et al., 2006).
Corynocarpus laevigatus, commonly called Karaka nut, is a very distinctive tree unlikely to be confused with any other indigenous, naturalized, or planted exotic tree. The simple, leathery, dark green leaves and large orange drupes with their fibrous endocarp immediately distinguish it. It is common in mainly coastal situations, often a major component of coastal forest, rarely dominant. It is used in traditional Maori medicine as wound dressings, and the timber was used to fashion canoe paddles (Costall et al., 2006).
Persea americana Mill.
Persea americana Mill.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: SpermatophytaClass : DicotyledonaeOrder: LauralesFamily: LauraceaeGenus: PerseaSpecies: Persea americanaCurator: Jzekiah Mae C. Obras, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0130
Description:
Persea americana is commonly called avocados, a multi-stemmed tropical evergreen tree native to Mexico, Central America, and South America. It typically matures to 30-60' tall; however, grafted varieties generally grow shorter. Avocado leaves (to 4-8"long) are typically glossy, elliptic to ovate and dark green. Small greenish-yellow flowers bloom in panicles, followed by green-skinned, pear-shaped to rounded fruit. It has a role in helping to manage conditions such as high blood cholesterol, low LDL level, and weight management and eye health, decrease blood glucose level, and use type 2 diabetes.
Persea americana is commonly called avocados, a multi-stemmed tropical evergreen tree native to Mexico, Central America, and South America. It typically matures to 30-60' tall; however, grafted varieties generally grow shorter. Avocado leaves (to 4-8"long) are typically glossy, elliptic to ovate and dark green. Small greenish-yellow flowers bloom in panicles, followed by green-skinned, pear-shaped to rounded fruit. It has a role in helping to manage conditions such as high blood cholesterol, low LDL level, and weight management and eye health, decrease blood glucose level, and use type 2 diabetes.
Division : Tracheophyta
Mahinot esculenta Crantz.
Mahinot esculenta Crantz.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalpighialesFamily: EuphorbiaceaeGenus: Mahinot Species: Mahinot esculentaCurator: John Israel E. Cerda, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0111
Description:
Manihot esculenta Crantz., also called cassava, manioc, yuca, balinghoy, mogo, mandioca, kamoteng kahoy, and tapioca, is a perennial woody shrub in the Euphorbiaceae (spurge family). According to most botanists and ecologists, the preferable center origin of cassava is in Northeast Brazil. Cassava was introduced in Southeastern Asia by Spanish merchants at the beginning of the 17th century. Cassava is considered one of the most important economic crops in the Philippines. This cassava has a lanceolate shape of leaf, color of veins are green. Completely developed leaves are glabrous. They are smooth and lack pubescence. This food plant is also medicinally used to treat hypertension, headaches, other pains, irritable bowel syndrome, and fever. The bitter variety leaves of Manihot esculenta are also used to treat hypertension, headache, and pain. As M. esculenta is a gluten-free, natural starch, it is used in Western cuisine as a wheat alternative for patients with celiac disease.
Manihot esculenta Crantz., also called cassava, manioc, yuca, balinghoy, mogo, mandioca, kamoteng kahoy, and tapioca, is a perennial woody shrub in the Euphorbiaceae (spurge family). According to most botanists and ecologists, the preferable center origin of cassava is in Northeast Brazil. Cassava was introduced in Southeastern Asia by Spanish merchants at the beginning of the 17th century. Cassava is considered one of the most important economic crops in the Philippines. This cassava has a lanceolate shape of leaf, color of veins are green. Completely developed leaves are glabrous. They are smooth and lack pubescence. This food plant is also medicinally used to treat hypertension, headaches, other pains, irritable bowel syndrome, and fever. The bitter variety leaves of Manihot esculenta are also used to treat hypertension, headache, and pain. As M. esculenta is a gluten-free, natural starch, it is used in Western cuisine as a wheat alternative for patients with celiac disease.
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: CommelinalesFamily: PontederiaceaeGenus: EichhorniaSpecies: Eichhornia crassipesCurator: John Israel E. Cerda, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0112
Description:
Laguna de Bay, the country’s largest inland body of water, water hyacinth covers about 20% of the lake’s surface area, and because of the water’s high sewage concentrations, the plant yields about 657 tons of dry matter per hectare a year (Teves, 2019). Water Hyacinth is native to Brazil. Historical accounts say that the water hyacinth arrived in the Philippines in 1912. With the arrival of the annual rainy season, the plant spreads across the Pasig River, carried from Laguna de Bay (Laguna Lake) because of the latter’s rising water level (Francisco, 2020). The initial leaves of seedling E. crassipes are elongated and strap-like but soon develop the familiar spathulate form and, under suitable unshaded conditions, swollen petioles, ensuring that once dislodged, the seedlings will float from the mud into open water. Studies confirmed Eichhornia as a valuable resource for natural compounds of desirable medicinal properties (Lalitha and Jayanthi 2014). Methanol extract of E. crassipes may be considered as anti-cancerous potent at the early malignant stage.
Laguna de Bay, the country’s largest inland body of water, water hyacinth covers about 20% of the lake’s surface area, and because of the water’s high sewage concentrations, the plant yields about 657 tons of dry matter per hectare a year (Teves, 2019). Water Hyacinth is native to Brazil. Historical accounts say that the water hyacinth arrived in the Philippines in 1912. With the arrival of the annual rainy season, the plant spreads across the Pasig River, carried from Laguna de Bay (Laguna Lake) because of the latter’s rising water level (Francisco, 2020). The initial leaves of seedling E. crassipes are elongated and strap-like but soon develop the familiar spathulate form and, under suitable unshaded conditions, swollen petioles, ensuring that once dislodged, the seedlings will float from the mud into open water. Studies confirmed Eichhornia as a valuable resource for natural compounds of desirable medicinal properties (Lalitha and Jayanthi 2014). Methanol extract of E. crassipes may be considered as anti-cancerous potent at the early malignant stage.
Polyscias scutellaria (Burm. f)
Polyscias scutellaria (Burm. f)
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: ApialesFamily: AraliaceaeGenus: Polyscias Species: Polyscias scutellariaCurator: John Israel E. Cerda, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0113
Description:
Polyscias scutellaria, commonly known as platito or saucer leaf. A native of the Southwest Pacific islands, that is commonly grown in gardens. An erect shrub growing to a height of 1.5 to 3.5 meters. The stem is woody, branched, round, long and straight. Leaves are simple, somewhat rounded and concave, saucer-like, 6 to 12 centimeters wide, heart-shaped at the base and distantly toothed in the margins. Studies have shown wound healing with lipid peroxidation inhibition properties, antibacterial, acinetobacter (Rosa et al., 2019), body odor, and hair growth activity. In modern Indonesian cuisine shield, aralia can be used as fancy food packaging. Shredded shield aralia has aromatic properties that can be mixed with meat or fish to conceal the odor.
Polyscias scutellaria, commonly known as platito or saucer leaf. A native of the Southwest Pacific islands, that is commonly grown in gardens. An erect shrub growing to a height of 1.5 to 3.5 meters. The stem is woody, branched, round, long and straight. Leaves are simple, somewhat rounded and concave, saucer-like, 6 to 12 centimeters wide, heart-shaped at the base and distantly toothed in the margins. Studies have shown wound healing with lipid peroxidation inhibition properties, antibacterial, acinetobacter (Rosa et al., 2019), body odor, and hair growth activity. In modern Indonesian cuisine shield, aralia can be used as fancy food packaging. Shredded shield aralia has aromatic properties that can be mixed with meat or fish to conceal the odor.
Polyscias guilfoylei (W.Bull) L.H. Bailey
Polyscias guilfoylei (W.Bull) L.H. Bailey
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: AsteranaeFamily: ApialesGenus: Polyscias Species: Polyscias guilfoyleiCurator: John Israel E. Cerda, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0114
Description:
Frosted or Geranium Aralia is a tropical plant native to southeast Asia and is commonly used as a houseplant. They are slow-growing, and without pruning, they will reach 6-8 feet tall. Leaves are long, and 1- pinnate with leaflets are arranged opposite. Blades are variable but usually ovate or elliptic and coarsely dentate or lacerate. Leaves are commonly variegated with white or pale yellow margins but can also be entirely dark green. They rarely flower as a houseplant. Grow in moist, well-drained loamy acidic potting soil and place in bright indirect lighting. This plant has bioactive agents, and numerous constituents were isolated from Polyscias guilfoylei stem for the first time, including nucleoside uracil, saponin, and roseptoside A, and methyl protocatechuate. However, in several studies, this plant has low severity poison characteristics. (Anh, L. T. T et al. 2021).
Frosted or Geranium Aralia is a tropical plant native to southeast Asia and is commonly used as a houseplant. They are slow-growing, and without pruning, they will reach 6-8 feet tall. Leaves are long, and 1- pinnate with leaflets are arranged opposite. Blades are variable but usually ovate or elliptic and coarsely dentate or lacerate. Leaves are commonly variegated with white or pale yellow margins but can also be entirely dark green. They rarely flower as a houseplant. Grow in moist, well-drained loamy acidic potting soil and place in bright indirect lighting. This plant has bioactive agents, and numerous constituents were isolated from Polyscias guilfoylei stem for the first time, including nucleoside uracil, saponin, and roseptoside A, and methyl protocatechuate. However, in several studies, this plant has low severity poison characteristics. (Anh, L. T. T et al. 2021).
Heliotropium indicum (Linn.)
Heliotropium indicum (Linn.)
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: BoraginalesFamily: HeliotropiaceaeGenus: Heliotropium Species: Heliotropium indicumCurator: John Israel E. Cerda, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0115
Description:
H. indicum is distributed widely throughout the world's tropical regions and it has proved difficult to establish its precise origin. It is common in tropical countries, being a major weed of sugarcane in Indonesia and the Philippines (Holm et al., 1991) and of maize in Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines (Waterhouse, 1993). H. indicum is a weed and usually associated with wet, fertile soils, often near rivers and lakes, fallow rice fields, roadsides and waste areas. Flowers bisexual with five sepals, lanceolate, 2-3 mm long; Corolla lilac to occasionally white. Fruits angular with an apical beak, 2-3 mm long, glabrous with two lobes which spread apart and separate to give two nutlets at maturity. H. indicum is considered an ornamental plant and often planted in gardens (Kissmann and Groth, 1992). Batra et al. (1969) suggested using the use of H. indicum as trap plants to control flea-beetles that damage crop plants in India, especially vegetables and cereals.
H. indicum is distributed widely throughout the world's tropical regions and it has proved difficult to establish its precise origin. It is common in tropical countries, being a major weed of sugarcane in Indonesia and the Philippines (Holm et al., 1991) and of maize in Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines (Waterhouse, 1993). H. indicum is a weed and usually associated with wet, fertile soils, often near rivers and lakes, fallow rice fields, roadsides and waste areas. Flowers bisexual with five sepals, lanceolate, 2-3 mm long; Corolla lilac to occasionally white. Fruits angular with an apical beak, 2-3 mm long, glabrous with two lobes which spread apart and separate to give two nutlets at maturity. H. indicum is considered an ornamental plant and often planted in gardens (Kissmann and Groth, 1992). Batra et al. (1969) suggested using the use of H. indicum as trap plants to control flea-beetles that damage crop plants in India, especially vegetables and cereals.
Petroselium crispum (Mill) Fuss
Petroselium crispum (Mill) Fuss
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: ApialesFamily: ApiaceaeGenus: PetroseliumSpecies: Petroselium crispumCurator:Byran N. Fuego, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0116
Description:
Petroselium crispum, or commonly known as garden parsley, is a biennial herb up to 80 cm long, hairless, with thin stems and triangular outline leaves two to three times pinnate, the upper leaves have entire leaflets and the basal ones serrated or toothed. The flowers grouped in umbels of 8-20 radios are yellowish green. It grows best in zones 2-11. This leafy herb thrives in full to partial sun and may grow in a clump up to 12 inches tall and wide. Parsley grows best in rich, well-drained soil, and dry soil should be avoided. Garden parsley is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to the central and eastern Mediterranean region (Sardinia, Lebanon, Israel, Cyprus, Turkey, southern Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Malta, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia), but has been naturalized elsewhere in Europe, and is widely cultivated as an herb, and a vegetable. Parsley is an herb. The leaf, seed, and root are used to make medicine. Some people take parsley by mouth for bladder infections (UTIs), kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, constipation, diabetes, cough, asthma, and high blood pressure.
Phyllostachys aurea (André) Rivière & C.Rivière
Phyllostachys aurea (André) Rivière & C.Rivière
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : LiliopsidaOrder: PoalesFamily: PoaceaeGenus: PhyllostachysSpecies: Phyllostachys aureaCurator:Byran N. Fuego, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0117
Description:
Golden bamboo or fishpole bamboo is a bamboo species in the genus Phyllostachys native to Fujian and Zheijang in China. It is a running bamboo type. Bamboos can form very dense single-species thickets that displace native plant species and create dense shade that makes it difficult for seedlings of native species to survive. Once established, they can be challenging to eradicate. Young golden bamboo shoots are occasionally utilized as food by humans, but mature golden bamboo stems are often used in construction. Golden bamboo stems have been used to make canes, fishing poles, fishing nets, ski poles, javelins, irrigation pipes, musical instruments, furniture, and umbrella and fan handles.
Golden bamboo or fishpole bamboo is a bamboo species in the genus Phyllostachys native to Fujian and Zheijang in China. It is a running bamboo type. Bamboos can form very dense single-species thickets that displace native plant species and create dense shade that makes it difficult for seedlings of native species to survive. Once established, they can be challenging to eradicate. Young golden bamboo shoots are occasionally utilized as food by humans, but mature golden bamboo stems are often used in construction. Golden bamboo stems have been used to make canes, fishing poles, fishing nets, ski poles, javelins, irrigation pipes, musical instruments, furniture, and umbrella and fan handles.
Pachira aquatica Aubl.
Pachira aquatica Aubl.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalvalesFamily: MalvaceaeGenus: PachiraSpecies: Pachira aquaticaCurator:Byran N. Fuego, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0118
Description:
Pachira aquatica is an evergreen tree up to 23 m high, with spreading branches. Trunk 25-60(-90) cm in diam., unarmed, buttressed, with smooth, grayish to brownish bark. Leaves alternate, palmately-compound, essentially glabrous; stipules lanceolate, caducous; petiole 4-23 cm long, often furrowed longitudinally, dilated at both ends; leaflets 5-9, short-petiolulate, elliptic to oblong, sometimes lanceolate to slightly obovate, 5-29 × 2.5-15 cm, apiculate and often mucronulate at the apex, more or less decurrent at base, the margins entire and sometimes slightly recurved, chartaceous to coriaceous, shiny above and dull beneath. It is native to Central and South America, occurring from Southern Mexico to Bolivia and North Brazil. It has been introduced in the USA, the Antilles, South Brazil and Paraguay. Also introduced and cultivated in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. In its native range, P. aquatica grows in freshwater wetlands and seasonally flooded forests, along river banks, lake shores, and on the edge of mangroves and woods, always on moist ground (Robyns, 1963, 1964; Infante-Mata et al., 2011, 2014). It has been reported from sea level to 1,300 m (Duarte and Paull, 2008). The leaves and fruits are used in South America as natural remedy to treat several illnesses. The boiled leaves are used for fever and headaches. The fruits are employed for respiratory diseases (Roth and Lindorf, 2002).
Pachira aquatica is an evergreen tree up to 23 m high, with spreading branches. Trunk 25-60(-90) cm in diam., unarmed, buttressed, with smooth, grayish to brownish bark. Leaves alternate, palmately-compound, essentially glabrous; stipules lanceolate, caducous; petiole 4-23 cm long, often furrowed longitudinally, dilated at both ends; leaflets 5-9, short-petiolulate, elliptic to oblong, sometimes lanceolate to slightly obovate, 5-29 × 2.5-15 cm, apiculate and often mucronulate at the apex, more or less decurrent at base, the margins entire and sometimes slightly recurved, chartaceous to coriaceous, shiny above and dull beneath. It is native to Central and South America, occurring from Southern Mexico to Bolivia and North Brazil. It has been introduced in the USA, the Antilles, South Brazil and Paraguay. Also introduced and cultivated in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. In its native range, P. aquatica grows in freshwater wetlands and seasonally flooded forests, along river banks, lake shores, and on the edge of mangroves and woods, always on moist ground (Robyns, 1963, 1964; Infante-Mata et al., 2011, 2014). It has been reported from sea level to 1,300 m (Duarte and Paull, 2008). The leaves and fruits are used in South America as natural remedy to treat several illnesses. The boiled leaves are used for fever and headaches. The fruits are employed for respiratory diseases (Roth and Lindorf, 2002).
Microsorum grossum
Microsorum grossum
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : PolypodiopsidaOrder: PolypodialesFamily: PolypodiaceaeGenus: MicrosorumSpecies: Microsorum grossumCurator:Byran N. Fuego, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0119
Description:
Commonly misidentified as M. scolopendria (Possley & Howell 2015), distinctive characters of M. grossum may be its thick rhizomes (ca. 5 mm wide when dry) and the apex of the rhizome scale being light brown with a hyaline margin. Leaves also usually have more than five pairs of lobes and may have a sweet smell when fresh (Possley & Howell 2015). This fern grows in the wild in the Western Pacific rim from Australia to New Caledonia to Fiji and throughout the South Pacific to French Polynesia. The remains of a medieval skeleton have shown the first physical evidence that a fern plant could have been used for medicinal purposes in cases such as alopecia, dandruff, and kidney stones.
Commonly misidentified as M. scolopendria (Possley & Howell 2015), distinctive characters of M. grossum may be its thick rhizomes (ca. 5 mm wide when dry) and the apex of the rhizome scale being light brown with a hyaline margin. Leaves also usually have more than five pairs of lobes and may have a sweet smell when fresh (Possley & Howell 2015). This fern grows in the wild in the Western Pacific rim from Australia to New Caledonia to Fiji and throughout the South Pacific to French Polynesia. The remains of a medieval skeleton have shown the first physical evidence that a fern plant could have been used for medicinal purposes in cases such as alopecia, dandruff, and kidney stones.
Syngonium podophyllum H.W. Schott
Syngonium podophyllum H.W. Schott
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : LiliopsidaOrder: AlismatalesFamily: AraceaeGenus: SyngoniumSpecies: Syngonium podophyllumCurator:Byran N. Fuego, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0120
Description:
Alternate, evergreen, simple to palmately compound lobed leaves are prominently featured; leaves are initially cordate to hastate, becoming more palmate in appearance on mature plants; some mature leaves almost look like two palmate divisions of a pinnately compound leaf, leaves are highly variable in morphology. Syngonium podophyllum begins as small herbaceous mounds 120 to 180 tall which slowly develop sprawling, pendent or climbing branches to an indeterminate length; vine lengths to a 100N have been reported in the tropics; plants can form groundcovers or climb via the development of wire-like aerial rootlets; the overall texture is medium-coarse to coarse, but pleasantly so; stems sometimes root at the nodes when in contact with soil. Native to Central America and South America; it is extensively cultivated and occasionally escaped elsewhere in subtropical and tropical locations; this species is classified as an invasive plant in Florida.
Alternate, evergreen, simple to palmately compound lobed leaves are prominently featured; leaves are initially cordate to hastate, becoming more palmate in appearance on mature plants; some mature leaves almost look like two palmate divisions of a pinnately compound leaf, leaves are highly variable in morphology. Syngonium podophyllum begins as small herbaceous mounds 120 to 180 tall which slowly develop sprawling, pendent or climbing branches to an indeterminate length; vine lengths to a 100N have been reported in the tropics; plants can form groundcovers or climb via the development of wire-like aerial rootlets; the overall texture is medium-coarse to coarse, but pleasantly so; stems sometimes root at the nodes when in contact with soil. Native to Central America and South America; it is extensively cultivated and occasionally escaped elsewhere in subtropical and tropical locations; this species is classified as an invasive plant in Florida.
Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb.
Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: AsparagalesFamily: AsparagaceaeGenus: DracaenaSpecies: Dracaena trifasciataCurator: Klyde Elmarc F. Galanta, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0121
Description:
Dracaena trifasciata, also known as viper's bowstring hemp, snake plant, and mother-in-law’s tongue, is a flowering plant species belonging to the Asparagaceae family. This species is native to western Africa and southern Asia and is distributed in tropical Africa and India. D. trifasciata leaves basal, often 1-2, sometimes 3-6 tufted, erect, hard leathery, flat, long lanceolate, 30-70 (-120) cm long and 3-5 (-8) cm wide, with light green and dark green stripes, margin green, tapering to lower, unequal, fluted stalks. It is widely used therapeutically in folkloric medicine. The plant is used to cure ringworm and other fungal infections. The sap from the leaves is used directly to infected sores, cuts, grazes, and cure fungal and scabies infestations (Ong et al., 2016). The therapeutic activity of the plant is due to presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides (Berame et al., 2017).
Dracaena trifasciata, also known as viper's bowstring hemp, snake plant, and mother-in-law’s tongue, is a flowering plant species belonging to the Asparagaceae family. This species is native to western Africa and southern Asia and is distributed in tropical Africa and India. D. trifasciata leaves basal, often 1-2, sometimes 3-6 tufted, erect, hard leathery, flat, long lanceolate, 30-70 (-120) cm long and 3-5 (-8) cm wide, with light green and dark green stripes, margin green, tapering to lower, unequal, fluted stalks. It is widely used therapeutically in folkloric medicine. The plant is used to cure ringworm and other fungal infections. The sap from the leaves is used directly to infected sores, cuts, grazes, and cure fungal and scabies infestations (Ong et al., 2016). The therapeutic activity of the plant is due to presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides (Berame et al., 2017).
Chromolaena odorata (L.) RM. King and H. Rob.
Chromolaena odorata (L.) RM. King and H. Rob.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: AsteralesFamily: AsteraceaeGenus: ChromolaenaSpecies: Chromolaena odorataCurator: Klyde Elmarc F. Galanta, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0122
Description:
Chromolaena odorata, commonly called siam weed, is a tropical and subtropical species of flowering shrub in the sunflower family. It is endemic to North America, with most occurrences in Florida, Texas, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Still, it has expanded to South America, Tropical Asia, West Africa, and portions of Australia (Anyanwu et al., 2017). C. odorata is a scrambling perennial shrub with straight, pithy, brittle stems that readily branch, three-veined, ovate-triangular leaves arranged oppositely, and a shallow, fibrous root structure. C. odorata has been traditionally utilized for several therapeutic benefits, particularly in external applications such as wounds, skin infections, and inflammation. Several studies have established that the leaf extract possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and cytoprotective activities (Breeÿen et al., 2006; Suksamrarn et al., 2004).
Chromolaena odorata, commonly called siam weed, is a tropical and subtropical species of flowering shrub in the sunflower family. It is endemic to North America, with most occurrences in Florida, Texas, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Still, it has expanded to South America, Tropical Asia, West Africa, and portions of Australia (Anyanwu et al., 2017). C. odorata is a scrambling perennial shrub with straight, pithy, brittle stems that readily branch, three-veined, ovate-triangular leaves arranged oppositely, and a shallow, fibrous root structure. C. odorata has been traditionally utilized for several therapeutic benefits, particularly in external applications such as wounds, skin infections, and inflammation. Several studies have established that the leaf extract possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and cytoprotective activities (Breeÿen et al., 2006; Suksamrarn et al., 2004).
Oxalis triangularis A. St.-Hil.
Oxalis triangularis A. St.-Hil.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: OxalidalesFamily: OxalidaceaeGenus: OxalisSpecies: Oxalis triangularisCurator: Klyde Elmarc F. Galanta, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0123
Description:
Oxalis triangularis, commonly called purple shamrock, is a species of perennial plant in the family Oxalidaceae. This species is found in most areas of the world and is very common in Mexico, South Africa, and Brazil. O. triangularis is a low-growing clump-forming herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 0.1 - 0.2 m with a spread of 0.1 - 0.3 m. The leaves are huge and purple-darker near the margins, more vivid in the center. Each of the three parts is the shape of a triangle. These leaves open and close in reaction to light, shutting up at night like a clutch of small purple butterflies. Purple shamrock leaves contain oxalic acid, which gives them their sharp flavor. Any remedies manufactured out of O. triangularis should be taken in moderation. The leaves should not be consumed in large amounts since oxalic acid can bind up the body’s supply of calcium, leading to nutritional deficiency (Kim et al., 2018).
Oxalis triangularis, commonly called purple shamrock, is a species of perennial plant in the family Oxalidaceae. This species is found in most areas of the world and is very common in Mexico, South Africa, and Brazil. O. triangularis is a low-growing clump-forming herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 0.1 - 0.2 m with a spread of 0.1 - 0.3 m. The leaves are huge and purple-darker near the margins, more vivid in the center. Each of the three parts is the shape of a triangle. These leaves open and close in reaction to light, shutting up at night like a clutch of small purple butterflies. Purple shamrock leaves contain oxalic acid, which gives them their sharp flavor. Any remedies manufactured out of O. triangularis should be taken in moderation. The leaves should not be consumed in large amounts since oxalic acid can bind up the body’s supply of calcium, leading to nutritional deficiency (Kim et al., 2018).
Dracaena surculosa Lindl.
Dracaena surculosa Lindl.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: AsparagalesFamily: AsparagaceaeGenus: DracaenaSpecies: Dracaena surculosaCurator: James Adrian L. Nepomuceno, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0124
Description:
Dracaena surculosa is an evergreen tree or shrub species from the Asparagaceae family. It is commonly known by the names Japanese Bamboo and Gold Dust Dracaena, amongst others. It produces linear to lance-shaped leaves that are typically clustered at the tips of branches and feature yellow-white speckles. Flowers are small, delicate, colored green-white, and lead onto orange-red berries. It is distributed in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Most species are found in Africa, Madagascar, and Asia, and the remainder are found in Socotra, the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia, Central America, Cuba, Micronesia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. D. surculosa has many uses. It is known for its natural antibiotic properties, which allow it to treat infections (Bogawski, et al., 2019).
Dracaena surculosa is an evergreen tree or shrub species from the Asparagaceae family. It is commonly known by the names Japanese Bamboo and Gold Dust Dracaena, amongst others. It produces linear to lance-shaped leaves that are typically clustered at the tips of branches and feature yellow-white speckles. Flowers are small, delicate, colored green-white, and lead onto orange-red berries. It is distributed in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Most species are found in Africa, Madagascar, and Asia, and the remainder are found in Socotra, the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia, Central America, Cuba, Micronesia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. D. surculosa has many uses. It is known for its natural antibiotic properties, which allow it to treat infections (Bogawski, et al., 2019).
Psidium guavaja L.
Psidium guavaja L.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: MyrtalesFamily: MyrtaceaeGenus: PsidiumSpecies: Psidium guavajaCurator: James Adrian L. Nepomuceno, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0125
Description:
Psidium guavaja, or the common guava, is a small evergreen tree. Guava fruit today is considered minor in terms of commercial world trade, but it is widely grown in the tropics, enriching the diet of hundreds of millions of people in those areas of the world. The guava leaves are 2 to 6 inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide, aromatic when crushed, and appear dull-green with stiff but coriaceous with pronounced veins (Morton, 1987). There are bioactive components in the guava leaf that can fight against pathogens, regulate blood glucose levels, and even aid in weight loss. The guava leaves contain an essential oil rich in cineol, tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids, resin, eugenol, malic acid, fat, cellulose, chlorophyll, mineral salts, and several other fixed substances (Biswas et al., 2013).
Psidium guavaja, or the common guava, is a small evergreen tree. Guava fruit today is considered minor in terms of commercial world trade, but it is widely grown in the tropics, enriching the diet of hundreds of millions of people in those areas of the world. The guava leaves are 2 to 6 inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide, aromatic when crushed, and appear dull-green with stiff but coriaceous with pronounced veins (Morton, 1987). There are bioactive components in the guava leaf that can fight against pathogens, regulate blood glucose levels, and even aid in weight loss. The guava leaves contain an essential oil rich in cineol, tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids, resin, eugenol, malic acid, fat, cellulose, chlorophyll, mineral salts, and several other fixed substances (Biswas et al., 2013).
Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop
Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: AsparagalesFamily: AsparagaceaeGenus: AsparagusSpecies: Asparagus setaceusCurator: James Adrian L. Nepomuceno, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0126
Description:
Asparagus setaceus is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Asparagaceae. It is a bushy, evergreen, twining vine with wiry, spiny, scrambling or climbing stems typically growing to 10-20' long. It features feathery, fern-like flattened sprays of bright green stems, small white summer flowers and deep purple berries. A. setaceus is native to eastern and southern Africa, from central Ethiopia to South Africa. It contains steroidal saponins, Asparagamine, Kaempferol, Racemosol, folic acid, ascorbic acid, vitamin A, B1, B2 and E with Mg, Ca, P, and Fe (Csurhes and Markula 2009). Asparagus species are used traditionally to treat various diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery (Murad et al., 2012), epilepsy, leucorrhoea and skin diseases (Dsnbk, 2018).
Asparagus setaceus is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Asparagaceae. It is a bushy, evergreen, twining vine with wiry, spiny, scrambling or climbing stems typically growing to 10-20' long. It features feathery, fern-like flattened sprays of bright green stems, small white summer flowers and deep purple berries. A. setaceus is native to eastern and southern Africa, from central Ethiopia to South Africa. It contains steroidal saponins, Asparagamine, Kaempferol, Racemosol, folic acid, ascorbic acid, vitamin A, B1, B2 and E with Mg, Ca, P, and Fe (Csurhes and Markula 2009). Asparagus species are used traditionally to treat various diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery (Murad et al., 2012), epilepsy, leucorrhoea and skin diseases (Dsnbk, 2018).
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: SolanalesFamily: ConvolvulaceaeGenus: IpomoeaSpecies: Ipomoea aquaticaCurator: James Adrian L. Nepomuceno, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0127
Description:
Ipomoea aquatica Forsk of family Convolvulaceae, commonly known as water-spinach, is a perennial herb found throughout India, Ceylon, Tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. Ipomoea aquatica is found in fresh water aquatic habitats. I. aquatica has been found primarily in canals and ditches and invades lakes. It grows well in moist soil or in still flowing waters. The length of a single stem of morning glory can be 20 meters with profuse branching and its apical shoot may advance 10 cm in a day under favorable environment (Mandal et al., 2008). Ipomoea aquatica use as carminative, lessens inflammation; useful in fever, jaundice, biliousness, bronchitis, liver complaints in Yunani system of medicine; also use in nervous and general debility of female in Assam; stem and leaves use in febrile delirium in Cambodia. Leaves and flowers of I. aquatica shows antioxidant activity.
Ipomoea aquatica Forsk of family Convolvulaceae, commonly known as water-spinach, is a perennial herb found throughout India, Ceylon, Tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. Ipomoea aquatica is found in fresh water aquatic habitats. I. aquatica has been found primarily in canals and ditches and invades lakes. It grows well in moist soil or in still flowing waters. The length of a single stem of morning glory can be 20 meters with profuse branching and its apical shoot may advance 10 cm in a day under favorable environment (Mandal et al., 2008). Ipomoea aquatica use as carminative, lessens inflammation; useful in fever, jaundice, biliousness, bronchitis, liver complaints in Yunani system of medicine; also use in nervous and general debility of female in Assam; stem and leaves use in febrile delirium in Cambodia. Leaves and flowers of I. aquatica shows antioxidant activity.
Epipremnun aureum (Linden & Andre) G.S. Bunting
Epipremnun aureum (Linden & Andre) G.S. Bunting
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : DicotyledonaeOrder: AlismatakesFamily: AraceaeGenus: EpipremnunSpecies: Epipremnun aureumCurator: Jzekiah Mae C. Obras, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0131
Description:
Epipremnum aureum, commonly called devil’s ivy, is native to the Solomon Islands. It is a climbing vine that produces abundant yellow-marbled foliage. Its native habitat climbs tree trunks by aerial rootlets and tumbles along the ground as a ground cover, reaching up to 40’ or more in length. Young plants feature bright, waxy, heart-shaped green leaves (to 4” long) variegated with yellow or white. It has been found that each part of this plant possesses antibacterial, anti-termite, and antioxidant properties. Apart from these, it can also turn out to be anti-malarial, anti-cancerous, anti-tuberculosis, anti-arthritis and wound healing, etc., which are severe international problems.
Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.
Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf.
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: ArecalesFamily: AraucariaceaeGenus: DypsisSpecies: Dypsis lutescensCurator: Kyla G. Romano (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0132
Description:
Dypsis lutescens is endemic to Madagascar, mainly in the north-east coastal region between Mahanoro and Antalaha, but it has also been recorded in Daraina and Farafangana. It has been widely introduced as an ornamental palm worldwide (Dransfield et al., 2008). The wide naturalized range of this species is in contrast to its native distribution range in Madagascar, where it is restricted to a specific habitat: white sand forest in a narrow strip close to the sea. The stems are topped with pinnate, upward-curving, light green leaves with yellow midribs (up to 3-6' long). Per side, each leaf contains 40-60 1/2 to 3/4" lance-shaped leaflets. Because of its yellow stems, this palm is also known as the golden cane palm (Ribeiro & Silva, 2011). D. lutescens is one of the world's most commonly cultivated palms (Dransfield et al., 2008). It is grown as an ornamental in gardens, yards, and parks in tropical and subtropical regions, and elsewhere indoors as a houseplant.
Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco
Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : PinopsidaOrder: PinalesFamily: AraucariaceaeGenus: AraucariaSpecies: Araucaria heterophyllaCurator: Kyla G. Romano (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0133
Description:
Norfolk Island pine, Araucaria heterophylla, is evergreen timber and ornamental conifer of the family Araucariaceae, native to Norfolk Island, situated in the South Pacific Ocean between New Caledonia and New Zealand. Crown narrowly conical, with branchlets in symmetrical whorls of 4-7. Form in a reasonably upright position, perhaps with a little tilt. Green leaves; Young leaves are smaller and wedge-shaped. Mature leaves are bigger, incurved, scale-like, and spiral tightly around twigs, thus the species name heterophylla (Thomas, 2011). According to National Register of Big Tree (2021), it is little evergreen indoor plant with saber-like leaves that bend inward in an overlapping herringbone pattern on tiered branches. Indoors, it enjoys a sunny, cool area (55-65 degrees F) and can grow to be 9 feet tall. Use a potting soil that is rich, permeable, sandy, peaty, somewhat acidic, and well-drained. Full sun is usually desirable for establishing compact symmetrical growth, although little afternoon shade may be required to minimize leaf bleaching (yellow tints). A. heterophylla has been traditionally used for medicine in toothache (Bussman, 2008).
Tinospora rumphii (Hook f. & Thomson)
Tinospora rumphii (Hook f. & Thomson)
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: RanunculalesFamily: MenispermaceaeGenus: TinosporaSpecies: Tinospora rumphiiCurator: Sheen Gabrielle H. Santos, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0134
Description:
Rauvolfia serpentina is an evergreen shrub growing to 1.5 m (5ft) by 1.5 m (5ft) at a medium rate. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. Montane forests at elevations of 800 - 1,500 meters in China. Shady places in moist forests]. Sunny or shaded places in well-drained rain forest and secondary thickets up to 2,100 metres, sometimes as a weed in sugar cane fields. A tropical and subtropical plant that can be found in parts of East Asia and Indian subcontinent, R. serpentina or commonly known as Rauwolfia, Indian Snakeroot, Devil Pepper, or Snakeroot is an evergreen shrub reaching a height of up to 1 m. One of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine, the roots of this plant are used in the treatment of hypertension, schizophrenia, painful affections of the bowels, and to increase uterine contractions when giving birth. Leaf juice are used for wounds while bark, leaves, and roots are used against snake and scorpion poisoning. The wood known as serpent wood is used for woodcarving.
Raulvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth ex Kurz
Raulvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth ex Kurz
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: PlantaeDivision: TracheophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder: GentianalesFamily: ApocynaceaeGenus: RaulvolfiaSpecies: Raulvolfia serpentinaCurator: Sheen Gabrielle H. Santos, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPP-0135
Description:
Raulvolfia serpentina, or often called as makabuhay, is a climbing, dioecious vine reaching a height of 4 to 10 meters. Stems are up to 1 centimeter thick and somewhat fleshy, with scattered protuberances. Leaves are thin, ovate, 6 to 12 centimeters long, and 7 to 12 centimeters wide, with pointed and truncate or somewhat heart-shaped based, smooth and shining. Petioles are 3.5 to 6 centimeters long. Racemes are solitary or in pairs arising from axils of fallen leaves, pale green, slender, 10 to 20 centimeters long. Flowers are pale green and short pedicelled. Fruit is 8 millimeters long, in long clusters. This species was distributed in and nearby towns in thickets, in most or all islands of the Philippines. Being studied for it possible stimulant effect on the immune system. Anecdotal benefits for a variety of HIV-related complaints. Classified in Ayurvedic medicine as a rasayana herb, meaning circulation of the nutrient in Sanskrit, considered to enhance longevity, promote intelligence and prevent disease.
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